Heart disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. This February is American Heart Month, a time to renew the fight against heart disease and remind our co-workers, friends and family about things we can do to live heart-healthy lives.
The term “heart disease” is often used interchangeably with “cardiovascular disease.” These terms generally refer to atherosclerosis: a condition that involves narrowed or blocked blood vessels which can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.
One step nearly all of us can take to improve heart health is to reduce the amount of salt in our diet. Excess salt can increase blood pressure and risk for a heart attack and stroke. One teaspoon of table salt has 2,325 milligrams (mg) of sodium—this is more than the recommended daily salt intake for a healthy adult. Lowering consumption to no more than 1,500mg of sodium daily would be an effective way to prevent or lower high blood pressure.
Salt is essential for our bodies, in small amounts, as it helps us to maintain a balance of fluids in our body and transmit nerve impulses. Salt also influences the contraction and relaxation of muscles. The kidneys work to regulate sodium in our bodies, however if your kidneys can’t eliminate enough sodium it starts to accumulate in your blood. Sodium attracts and holds water causing your blood volume to increase, in turn putting stress on the heart and increasing pressure in your arteries.
About 12% of salt in our diet comes from food’s natural sodium content. We get another 11% from the table salt we add while cooking and eating. Most of our salt intake is from processed and prepared foods (77%)—major sources include tomato sauce, soups, condiments, canned food, and prepared mixes.
It is essential to read food labels. The Nutrition Facts label found on most packaged and processed foods lists the amount of sodium in each serving. In general, try to avoid products with more than 200mg of sodium per serving. Don’t forget to account for the serving size. It also lists whether the ingredients include salt or sodium-containing compounds, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), baking soda, baking powder, disodium phosphate, sodium alginate, and sodium nitrate or nitrite.
You may also make use of the following terms in selecting the products that are best for your health:
- Sodium-free – less than 5mg of sodium per serving
- Very low-sodium – 35mg or less per serving
- Low-sodium – 140mg or less per serving
- Reduced sodium – contains at least 25% less sodium than the regular version
- Light in sodium – sodium is reduced by at least 50% from the regular version
- Unsalted, no salt added or without added salt – made without the salt that’s normally used, but still contains the sodium that’s a natural part of the food
Sodium intake from processed and restaurant foods contributes to high rates of high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. Find ways to decrease your sodium intake as part of your heart healthy lifestyle. Talk to your doctor about your specific sodium requirements and to accommodate for special health needs.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Heart Association, Mayo Clinic, LifeWork Strategies EAP, and Washington and Shady Grove Adventist Hospitals. The Health Tip of the Week is for educational purposes only. For medical advice, consult your physician. Feel free to copy and distribute this health resource.
